This paper presents our solutions for the MediaEval 2022 task on DisasterMM. The task is composed of two subtasks, namely (i) Relevance Classification of Twitter Posts (RCTP), and (ii) Location Extraction from Twitter Texts (LETT). The RCTP subtask aims at differentiating flood-related and non-relevant social posts while LETT is a Named Entity Recognition (NER) task and aims at the extraction of location information from the text. For RCTP, we proposed four different solutions based on BERT, RoBERTa, Distil BERT, and ALBERT obtaining an F1-score of 0.7934, 0.7970, 0.7613, and 0.7924, respectively. For LETT, we used three models namely BERT, RoBERTa, and Distil BERTA obtaining an F1-score of 0.6256, 0.6744, and 0.6723, respectively.

Advances in reinforcement learning (RL) often rely on massive compute resources and remain notoriously sample inefficient. In contrast, the human brain is able to efficiently learn effective control strategies using limited resources. This raises the question whether insights from neuroscience can be used to improve current RL methods. Predictive processing is a popular theoretical framework which maintains that the human brain is actively seeking to minimize surprise. We show that recurrent neural networks which predict their own sensory states can be leveraged to minimise surprise, yielding substantial gains in cumulative reward. Specifically, we present the Predictive Processing Proximal Policy Optimization (P4O) agent; an actor-critic reinforcement learning agent that applies predictive processing to a recurrent variant of the PPO algorithm by integrating a world model in its hidden state. P4O significantly outperforms a baseline recurrent variant of the PPO algorithm on multiple Atari games using a single GPU. It also outperforms other state-of-the-art agents given the same wall-clock time and exceeds human gamer performance on multiple games including Seaquest, which is a particularly challenging environment in the Atari domain. Altogether, our work underscores how insights from the field of neuroscience may support the development of more capable and efficient artificial agents.

多媒体分析，计算机视觉（CV）和人工智能（AI）算法的最新进步导致了几种有趣的工具，允许自动分析和检索用户利益的多媒体内容。但是，检索感兴趣的内容通常涉及语义特征的分析和提取，例如情感和兴趣级别。这种有意义的信息的提取是一项复杂的任务，通常，单个算法的性能非常低。增强单个算法性能的一种方法是使用融合方案结合多种算法的预测能力。这使各个算法可以相互补充，从而提高了性能。本文提出了有关媒体趣味性得分预测任务的几种融合方法。CLEFFusion 2022中引入了。所提出的方法既包括一个天真的融合方案，其中所有诱导剂均得到同等处理和基于功绩的融合方案，其中采用了多重重量优化方法为单个诱导者分配权重。我们总共使用了六种优化方法，包括粒子群优化（PSO），遗传算法（GA），Nelder Mead，信任区域约束（TRC）和有限的MEMORY BROYDEN FLECHER GOLDFARB SHANNO SHANNO算法（LBFGSA）以及截断的牛顿牛顿算法（TNA）。总体而言，通过PSO和TNA达到0.109的平均平均精度为10。任务是复杂的，通常得分很低。我们认为，提出的分析将为未来在领域的研究提供基准。

本文着重于重要的环境挑战。也就是说，通过分析社交媒体作为直接反馈来源的潜力，水质。这项工作的主要目的是自动分析和检索与水质相关的社交媒体帖子，并特别注意描述水质不同方面的文章，例如水彩，气味，味觉和相关疾病。为此，我们提出了一个新颖的框架，其中包含不同的预处理，数据增强和分类技术。总共有三个不同的神经网络（NNS）架构，即来自变形金刚（BERT）的双向编码器表示，（ii）可靠优化的BERT预训练方法（XLM-ROBERTA）和（iii）自定义长期短期内存（LSTM）模型用于基于优异的融合方案。对于基于绩效的重量分配到模型，比较了几种优化和搜索技术，包括粒子群优化（PSO），遗传算法（GA），蛮力（BF），Nelder-Mead和Powell的优化方法。我们还提供了单个模型的评估，其中使用BERT模型获得了最高的F1评分为0.81。在基于绩效的融合中，BF以F1得分得分为0.852，可以获得总体更好的结果。我们还提供了与现有方法的比较，在该方法中，我们提出的解决方案得到了重大改进。我们认为对这个相对新主题的严格分析将为未来的研究提供基准。

While the capabilities of autonomous systems have been steadily improving in recent years, these systems still struggle to rapidly explore previously unknown environments without the aid of GPS-assisted navigation. The DARPA Subterranean (SubT) Challenge aimed to fast track the development of autonomous exploration systems by evaluating their performance in real-world underground search-and-rescue scenarios. Subterranean environments present a plethora of challenges for robotic systems, such as limited communications, complex topology, visually-degraded sensing, and harsh terrain. The presented solution enables long-term autonomy with minimal human supervision by combining a powerful and independent single-agent autonomy stack, with higher level mission management operating over a flexible mesh network. The autonomy suite deployed on quadruped and wheeled robots was fully independent, freeing the human supervision to loosely supervise the mission and make high-impact strategic decisions. We also discuss lessons learned from fielding our system at the SubT Final Event, relating to vehicle versatility, system adaptability, and re-configurable communications.

In recent years, social media has been widely explored as a potential source of communication and information in disasters and emergency situations. Several interesting works and case studies of disaster analytics exploring different aspects of natural disasters have been already conducted. Along with the great potential, disaster analytics comes with several challenges mainly due to the nature of social media content. In this paper, we explore one such challenge and propose a text classification framework to deal with Twitter noisy data. More specifically, we employed several transformers both individually and in combination, so as to differentiate between relevant and non-relevant Twitter posts, achieving the highest F1-score of 0.87.

Automated synthesis of histology images has several potential applications in computational pathology. However, no existing method can generate realistic tissue images with a bespoke cellular layout or user-defined histology parameters. In this work, we propose a novel framework called SynCLay (Synthesis from Cellular Layouts) that can construct realistic and high-quality histology images from user-defined cellular layouts along with annotated cellular boundaries. Tissue image generation based on bespoke cellular layouts through the proposed framework allows users to generate different histological patterns from arbitrary topological arrangement of different types of cells. SynCLay generated synthetic images can be helpful in studying the role of different types of cells present in the tumor microenvironmet. Additionally, they can assist in balancing the distribution of cellular counts in tissue images for designing accurate cellular composition predictors by minimizing the effects of data imbalance. We train SynCLay in an adversarial manner and integrate a nuclear segmentation and classification model in its training to refine nuclear structures and generate nuclear masks in conjunction with synthetic images. During inference, we combine the model with another parametric model for generating colon images and associated cellular counts as annotations given the grade of differentiation and cell densities of different cells. We assess the generated images quantitatively and report on feedback from trained pathologists who assigned realism scores to a set of images generated by the framework. The average realism score across all pathologists for synthetic images was as high as that for the real images. We also show that augmenting limited real data with the synthetic data generated by our framework can significantly boost prediction performance of the cellular composition prediction task.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic joint disease worldwide, where knee OA takes more than 80% of commonly affected joints. Knee OA is not a curable disease yet, and it affects large columns of patients, making it costly to patients and healthcare systems. Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of knee OA might be argued by variability in its clinical and physical manifestations. Although knee OA carries a list of well-known terminology aiming to standardize the nomenclature of the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes of the chronic joint disease, in practice there is a wide range of terminology associated with knee OA across different data sources, including but not limited to biomedical literature, clinical notes, healthcare literacy, and health-related social media. Among these data sources, the scientific articles published in the biomedical literature usually make a principled pipeline to study disease. Rapid yet, accurate text mining on large-scale scientific literature may discover novel knowledge and terminology to better understand knee OA and to improve the quality of knee OA diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. The present works aim to utilize artificial neural network strategies to automatically extract vocabularies associated with knee OA diseases. Our finding indicates the feasibility of developing word embedding neural networks for autonomous keyword extraction and abstraction of knee OA.

Neural models that do not rely on pre-training have excelled in the keyphrase generation task with large annotated datasets. Meanwhile, new approaches have incorporated pre-trained language models (PLMs) for their data efficiency. However, there lacks a systematic study of how the two types of approaches compare and how different design choices can affect the performance of PLM-based models. To fill in this knowledge gap and facilitate a more informed use of PLMs for keyphrase extraction and keyphrase generation, we present an in-depth empirical study. Formulating keyphrase extraction as sequence labeling and keyphrase generation as sequence-to-sequence generation, we perform extensive experiments in three domains. After showing that PLMs have competitive high-resource performance and state-of-the-art low-resource performance, we investigate important design choices including in-domain PLMs, PLMs with different pre-training objectives, using PLMs with a parameter budget, and different formulations for present keyphrases. Further results show that (1) in-domain BERT-like PLMs can be used to build strong and data-efficient keyphrase generation models; (2) with a fixed parameter budget, prioritizing model depth over width and allocating more layers in the encoder leads to better encoder-decoder models; and (3) introducing four in-domain PLMs, we achieve a competitive performance in the news domain and the state-of-the-art performance in the scientific domain.

Privacy policies provide individuals with information about their rights and how their personal information is handled. Natural language understanding (NLU) technologies can support individuals and practitioners to understand better privacy practices described in lengthy and complex documents. However, existing efforts that use NLU technologies are limited by processing the language in a way exclusive to a single task focusing on certain privacy practices. To this end, we introduce the Privacy Policy Language Understanding Evaluation (PLUE) benchmark, a multi-task benchmark for evaluating the privacy policy language understanding across various tasks. We also collect a large corpus of privacy policies to enable privacy policy domain-specific language model pre-training. We demonstrate that domain-specific pre-training offers performance improvements across all tasks. We release the benchmark to encourage future research in this domain.